Entre el incumplimiento contractual y la competencia desleal
Published date | 12 February 2024 |
Law Firm | Ibarra Rimón |
No es inusual que los actos de competencia desleal sean el resultado, o se presenten simultáneamente con el incumplimiento de un contrato. En estos casos, cabe preguntarse cuál es la vía procesal idónea para buscar el cese de la conducta y reclamar la indemnización de perjuicios.
Sobre el particular se ha presentado una discrepancia entre los fallos de algunos Tribunales Superiores y los de la Corte Suprema de Justicia.
Los primeros han sostenido que, por tratarse la acción de competencia desleal, de una acción de responsabilidad civil extracontractual, ello impide que la misma pueda interponerse cuando tal conducta sea el resultado de un incumplimiento contractual y por consiguiente en estos casos solo podría acudir a la acción de incumplimiento del contrato.
Contrario a esta posición, la Corte Suprema de Justicia, al resolver el recurso de casación, interpuesto por Inversiones Lucol contra la sentencia del 2 de diciembre de 2019 del Tribunal Superior de Bogotá (SC3907-2021), expresó que una infracción negocial puede quedar subsumida en la adecuación típica de un acto de competencia desleal (L.256/96) y que, por tanto, la víctima puede servirse ya sea de los remedios contractuales o de la acción de competencia desleal.
En el caso Griffith contra Viscofan y Visdecol (SC4174-2021) la Corte reiteró esa tesis y declaró que la terminación anticipada de los contratos de distribución, aunado a otros comportamientos, creó un ambiente propicio para despojar deslealmente a Griffith de su clientela.
Por consiguiente, nada impide que la víctima de un acto desleal y de un incumplimiento contractual acuda a la acción prevista en el artículo 20 de la Ley 256, siempre que acredite los elementos que tipifican cada una de esas prácticas, al margen de si ellas son el resultado o tienen lugar con ocasión de la ejecución o terminación de un contrato, más aún, si se tiene en cuenta que la acción de responsabilidad contractual, en ocasiones, no es suficiente ni...
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