Inteligencia Artificial y Derecho de Autor:
Published date | 19 July 2022 |
Author | Santiago Morales |
Law Firm | Consortium Legal |
¿Es susceptible de protección una obra creada enteramente por inteligencia artificial? ¿Qué papel cumple la inteligencia artificial en el proceso de creación de una obra?
Gracias al surgimiento de las nuevas tecnologías, en especial el Internet, las personas se han visto beneficiadas en muchos aspectos, principalmente en la difusión del conocimiento así como la capacidad de acceder a un vasto mundo de información de una manera mucho más rápida y asequible que antes. Pero a medida que las nuevas tecnologías van avanzando, también surgen nuevos desafíos e inquietudes dentro de distintos ámbitos legales, en especial lo relacionado en materia de derecho de autor.
El Derecho de Autor es una rama del Derecho que nace como consecuencia de la revolución tecnológica de su época, como lo fue la imprenta en su momento en el siglo XV que a raíz de este descubrimiento, se generó así la necesidad de fundar un esquema de protección jurídica tanto para los autores de obras literarias, como la creación de mecanismos que impidieran la reproducción indebida de éstas.
El Derecho de Autor tiene como finalidad, la protección de los derechos subjetivos de los autores sobre sus creaciones producto de su capacidad intelectual, habitualmente enunciadas como obras literarias, musicales, teatrales, artísticas, científicas, audiovisuales y demás.[i] Al efecto se debe tomar en consideración que, solamente puede denominársele como autor a la persona física o natural que realiza esta creación, por tratarse de un proceso creativo derivado de una actividad intelectual meramente atribuible al ser humano.
En el Derecho de Autor, existen dos clases principales de derechos: los derechos patrimoniales y los derechos morales. Los derechos patrimoniales se refieren al derecho pecuniario que goza todo titular de una obra para poderla utilizar de forma directa o indirecta, autorizando o prohibiendo su explotación a un tercero, los cuales tienen un plazo específico; mientras que por el otro lado, los derechos morales se refieren al derecho que tiene todo autor o creador de una obra, en reivindicar la paternidad de ésta, plasmándolo en el derecho a oponerse sobre cualquier deformación u modificación de su obra que pueda causarle perjuicio a su honor o reputación, derechos que son de duración ilimitada.
Hoy en día, a raíz del surgimiento de esta nueva rama de la ciencia denominada “Inteligencia Artificial” (o las también llamadas “máquinas inteligentes”), se ha suscitado una disputa sobre la concepción tradicional de autor, planteando la incógnita de si en realidad una persona física es la única que tiene la capacidad de crear una obra bajo la normativa jurídica actual, y sobre quién recae la titularidad de una obra producto exclusivamente de una máquina o programa inteligente.
Por tratarse de un tema muy novedoso y complejo, no existe una definición uniforme...
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