Ley de protección al empleo salvadoreño
Published date | 06 May 2020 |
Author | Carlos Rodriguez, Millie Miranda y Diego Rivera |
Law Firm | Consortium Legal |
DECRETO LEGISLATIVO N°641: En fecha 5 de mayo de 2020, la Asamblea Legislativa de la República de El Salvador emitió un nuevo Decreto Legislativo, que tiene como objeto establecer medidas que mitiguen el impacto económico y sus efectos en el empleo salvadoreño provocado por la pandemia COVID-19, todo ello en virtud de las medidas sanitarias impuestas para enfrentarla. Dicho Decreto Legislativo entró en vigor en la misma fecha, ya que fue publicado en el Diario Oficial número 89, Tomo 427 del 5 de mayo de 2020; y se resalta que sus efectos finalizarán cuando se agoten los fondos destinados a atender la emergencia nacional.
La Ley de Protección al Empleo Salvadoreño desarrolla medidas excepcionales y temporales para salvaguardar la estabilidad laboral de los trabajadores del sector privado salvadoreño, garantizando para los trabajadores un ingreso digno, sin menoscabo de la sostenibilidad de la actividad empresarial, sin distinción de sectores, ni rubros económicos. Sin embargo, la misma ley establece regulaciones especiales para las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas en algunos puntos específicos que se analizarán posteriormente.
A continuación, se incluye un resumen de los principales aspectos contemplados en la Ley de Protección al Empleo Salvadoreño:
I. PRINCIPIOS
- Favorabilidad laboral
- Antiformalismo
- Celeridad e impulso de oficio
- Economía procesal y sencillez
- Igualdad y no discriminación
II. SUJETOS OBLIGADOS
- Los Patronos
- El Banco de Desarrollo de El Salvador (“BANDESAL”), en su condición de administrador de los fondos públicos
III. MEDIDAS PARA LA PROTECCIÓN DEL EMPLEO
- Salvaguardas laborales: Las empresas debidamente autorizadas para operar durante el Estado de Emergencia deberán cumplir sus obligaciones laborales, de conformidad a la ley vigente y a los contratos de trabajo. Es importante establecer que, para identificar las empresas autorizadas para operar, se deben verificar las establecidas en los decretos ejecutivos correspondientes, así como en la Ley de Regulación para el Aislamiento, Cuarentena, Observación y Vigilancia por COVID-19.
- De las vacaciones: Trabajadores y patronos de mutuo acuerdo, podrán establecer el goce de las vacaciones individuales de forma anticipada en un solo período o fraccionadas, sin mediar la notificación del goce de vacaciones con 30 días de anticipación. En caso de que el acuerdo mutuo no fuere factible, el trabajador podrá optar por sus vacaciones programables en el último trimestre del año. Las vacaciones se deberán pagar en el tiempo y forma y establecido por el Código de Trabajo. No podrán gozar de vacaciones de forma anticipada los trabajadores que se encuentren padeciendo COVID-19 o con síntomas clínicos de éste.
NOTA ACLARATORIA: Aunque el...
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