Medidas de bioseguridad y vacuna contra COVID-19 en Honduras, ¿Obligatorias o no?
Published date | 01 June 2021 |
Author | Susan Perdomo |
Law Firm | Consortium Legal |
En la actualidad, el COVID-19 continúa siendo una amenaza mundial, encontrándose aún catalogada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) como una “pandemia”, categorización que sitúa al COVID-19 dentro del grupo de enfermedades que a lo largo de la historia han afectado en gran escala la salud de la humanidad, tales como la peste negra, la viruela, la llamada gripe española de 1918 y el brote de influenza A (HN101) de 2009. Estas otras enfermedades se han logrado controlar y, en algunos casos, erradicar con los avances científicos.
La posibilidad de disminuir los casos o erradicar el COVID-19 a través de las medidas de bioseguridad establecidas (uso de mascarilla, distanciamiento, lavado frecuente de manos, entre otros), y la opción de aplicación de vacunas creadas por reconocidos laboratorios, nos coloca en la necesidad de conocer las obligaciones legales que surgen al respecto.
En primer término, debemos tener presente el supremo derecho que otorga la Constitución de la Republica de Honduras, cuando indica taxativamente “Se reconoce el derecho a la protección de la salud (…)[1]”, sin embargo, el mismo precepto legal, establece un deber igualmente supremo, cuando señala que “(…) es deber de todos participar en la promoción y preservación de la salud personal y de la comunidad[2]”.
Con el fin primordial de disminuir el contagio del COVID-19 para salvaguardar el derecho a la vida, las autoridades han decretado, a través de varias regulaciones, la obligatoriedad del uso de la mascarilla y el cumplimiento de protocolos de bioseguridad, y por tanto son de obligatorio cumplimiento como ciudadanos, residentes, empleadores y/o trabajadores.
En consonancia con lo anterior, encontramos en nuestro Código del Trabajo que los trabajadores en el desempeño de sus funciones tienen la obligación de “acatar las medidas preventivas y de higiene que acuerden las autoridades competentes y las que indiquen los patronos para su seguridad y protección personal ”[3]; de igual forma, la norma precitada regula que “la negativa manifiesta y reiterada del trabajador a adoptar medidas preventivas o a seguir los procedimientos indicados para evitar accidentes o enfermedades[4]”, la cual faculta al empleador, previo los procesos legales establecidos, a imponer sanciones disciplinarias y/o, en el segundo caso despedir al trabajador con justa causa, y consecuentemente exonerarse el patrono del pago de...
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