Municipality's Trespass Notice Trespasses Citizen's Freedom Of Expression

Municipalities and other public bodies are charged with making decisions which have wide-reaching impacts across broad swaths of society. They are often mandated to do so, explicitly or implicitly, in the public interest, and in a free, open, and democratic manner. Frequently, such decisions involve matters of some controversy among the constituents who will be affected by or interested in the outcome. As a result, Council and Board deliberations, debates, and decisions are subject to considerable public scrutiny and, often, criticism. Concerned citizens might lobby councillors or board members by letter or email; they might attend open meetings to make representations or pose difficult questions; they might even take to protest. Councillors, board members, or staff might find these actions by citizens to be disruptive or even intimidating. While some individuals and their actions may be viewed as a nuisance, others can come across as threatening. When the actions give rise to concerns about safety or disruption of the process, the question arises what public bodies should and should not do to manage perceived "troublemakers" or threats.

In a decision released on August 25, 2017, Bracken v. Fort Erie (Town), 2017 ONCA 668, the province's top court, the Court of Appeal for Ontario, explained how issuing a "Trespass Notice" under the Trespass to Property Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. T.21 may not be an appropriate solution. The issue, the Court held, is that such a drastic action by the public body may be an unconstitutional breach of an individual's freedom of expression.

In Bracken, the appellant, a self-described citizen journalist, challenged a Trespass Notice issued by the municipality in response to his protest of a proposed municipal by-law. The appellant's protest was peaceful, but loud and apparently disturbing to some municipal staff who observed the appellant marching back and forth in front of town hall, expressing his views regarding the proposed by-law with the use of a megaphone. The municipality's Chief Administrative Officer called the police, had the appellant arrested, and issued a Trespass Notice preventing the appellant from entering certain municipal properties for one year, which included preventing him from attending council and other committee meetings that are open to the public and he would otherwise have been entitled to attend.

The Court of Appeal reversed the lower court decision, which had dismissed...