Negociando en Crisis. Factores que resaltan en el actual contexto de conflictividad social
Published date | 16 June 2022 |
Law Firm | Rubio Leguía Normand |
- Antecedentes
Desde el inicio del presente Gobierno, la conflictividad social en el sector minero se ha incrementado sustancialmente. De acuerdo a la Defensoría del Pueblo, los conflictos socio-ambientales en el sector minero se han incrementado en 45% en el periodo Julio 2021- Abril 2022[1].
Dicho incremento ha coincidido con la reducción de los principales componentes de la canasta de minerales que produce el Perú. Así, en el periodo Julio 2021 – Marzo 2022, la producción de cobre cayó en 4.21%; oro, 8.54%; plata, 14.53%; plomo, 7.65% y hierro, 4.16%; en consecuencia, la variación del PBI minero en el periodo Febrero 2021/22 es -2.1%.[2]
Esta situación configura un escenario en el cual se tiene más conflictos por negociar y en peores condiciones económicas para las empresas debido a la caída de la producción. Por ello es muy importante tener en cuenta especiales circunstancia de los procesos de negociación en curso, en el sector minero.
2. Stakeholders
Un cambio en el escenario detectado por la mayoría de los profesionales involucrados en la gestión social; es que los actores locales, especialmente aquellos que se oponen con mayor énfasis a la actividad minera, se encuentran muy empoderados, es decir se perciben así mismos con mayor poder de negociación que en un pasado reciente. Esto se relaciona con el discurso confrontacional y reivindicativo de muchos funcionarios públicos.
Dicho empoderamiento genera a su vez la exacerbación de expectativas, y ambas circunstancias producen un escenario en el cual las poblaciones locales presentan posiciones más demandantes y con menor capacidad de ceder sobre sus propuestas iniciales.
Este escenario requiere de priorizar nuestras estrategias dirigidas a superar la confrontación y buscar coincidencia en una visión conjunta de desarrollo. Este ejercicio nos debería reconducir a priorizar las demandas en función de la referida visión y, a través de evaluaciones técnicas, moderar las expectativas de inversión.
Aunque esta estrategia pueda parecer muy sencilla en verdad es muy complicada, depende mucho de la credibilidad de las empresas mineras y sus relacionistas comunitarios en la localidad. En nuestra experiencia, en estos escenarios ha sido necesario la intervención de funcionarios del más alto nivel no solo por representar un mayor poder de decisión sino porque la imagen de los relacionistas comunitarios se ha visto desgastada por la intensidad del conflicto.
3. Escasez de MANN
La Mejor Alternativa a un Acuerdo No- Negociado (MANN) es una herramienta desarrollada por William Ulry[3], a fin de prever cuándo dar por concluida una negociación.
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