Nicaragua: Las Apps como medio de desarrollo comercial y su correcta protección frente a los competidores.
Published date | 15 March 2023 |
Author | Gabriel Castillo Osuna. |
Law Firm | Consortium Legal |
Una aplicación, mejor conocida como “app” (en plural “apps”) por su abreviación del término en inglés denominado “application”, es un programa informático o software diseñado para un fin determinado, que puede descargarse en un teléfono móvil u otros dispositivos electrónicos tales como una tablet, desktop o laptop, por citar algunos ejemplos.
Actualmente, las aplicaciones, en particular las móviles, son una herramienta necesaria para el desarrollo comercial de distintos negocios/emprendimientos. Su auge y popularidad mayoritariamente se asocia al aumento del uso de smartphones a nivel mundial, así como también a la creciente cuota de uso diario que las personas dan a sus teléfonos móviles, principalmente a las aplicaciones que en ellos descargan.
Los informes conducidos por sitios como Statista y App Annie ponen en perspectiva lo anteriormente mencionado. Statista, para el año 2021, estimaba que la cantidad de usuarios de smartphones en todo el mundo alcanzaría los 3.8 mil millones, cabe destacar que este número se ha incrementado significativamente desde el 2016, cuando la cantidad de usuarios de smartphones a nivel global era de alrededor de 2.5 mil millones. Además, se estima que para el 2023, el número de usuarios de smartphones a nivel mundial alcanzará los 4.3 mil millones. Por su parte, App Annie reportó que, en el primer trimestre del 2021, las personas pasaron en promedio 4,2 horas al día usando aplicaciones móviles en sus smartphones.
- Puntualmente, se identifican que entre los beneficios que las apps proveen para el desarrollo comercial destacan:
- Facilidad para lograr un mayor alcance o interacción con una audiencia mucha más amplia, de forma simultánea a través de un mismo canal o plataforma.
- Posibilidad de especializar la experiencia de cada usuario.
- Crear lealtad hacia la marca.
- Diversas formas de monetización (venta directa, one time payment, in app purchases, suscripciones, contenido freemium, publicidad intersticial).
¿Por qué debemos proteger este tipo de creaciones?
Se deben proteger legalmente las apps, bajo figuras propias del derecho de la Propiedad Intelectual, ya que ello garantiza poder/control sobre sus principales elementos de forma individualizada y también como un todo. También se evita que otros saquen provecho injustamente y hace posible tomar acciones legales contra quienes pretendan sacar provecho de forma no autorizada, o que pretendan hacer uso de forma no autorizada. Además, brinda mecanismos legalmente reconocidos y seguros que facilitan la explotación económica frente a terceros.
¿Cómo se protegen habitualmente las apps y/o sus elementos que la componen?
Al margen de que es importante considerar que varían las disposiciones particulares de las legislaciones locales de cada país, las figuras jurídicas que se utilizan para proteger a las apps ante los distintos Registros de Propiedad Intelectual en el mundo, suelen coincidir. Las apps y sus elementos que la conforman se pueden proteger a través del Derecho de Autor, la Propiedad Industrial y algunos contratos privados.
Respecto al primero, encontramos en los países de tradición anglosajona, el “copyright”, y en los países hispanos, el Derecho de autor. El derecho de Autor existe desde el momento que se crea la obra, y comprende tanto los derechos morales como patrimoniales que confieren al autor la plena disposición y derecho exclusivo de...
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