Nicaragua: Implicancias prácticas del cambio de régimen en el sector de microfinanzas.
Published date | 21 February 2023 |
Author | María Lizeth Prado |
Law Firm | Consortium Legal |
El 15 de Noviembre del 2022, fue publicada en La Gaceta – “Diario Oficial” No. 214, la Ley No. 1137 “Ley Especial para el Cambio de Régimen Jurídico de Organismos Sin Fines de Lucro” que, según su texto, tiene por objeto establecer el procedimiento para el cambio de régimen, sin fines de lucro a mercantil, de las entidades cuya actividad es crear servicios financieros o de microfinanzas, todo de conformidad con la ley de la materia y que fueron constituidas bajo la figura de Asociación o Fundación Sin Fines de Lucro (en adelante “OSFL”), teniendo como plazo máximo para ejecutar la transmisión al 13 de Febrero del 2023.
A partir de la ley, se desprende que el camino a adoptar por parte de las OSFL sería la transformación de la naturaleza jurídica de la entidad. En este sentido, es importante recordar en qué consiste la figura de transformación, la que desde un punto de vista doctrinal, algunos juristas la definen como: no implica disolver, ni tampoco liquidar la organización del titular. Supone, simplemente, el cambio de su estructura y régimen legal a otro de clase diferente sin afectar su existencia» (Morales Acosta, 1991);
Apreciamos que ciertas consideraciones citadas son recogidas por la ley, ya que el artículo 1 de la misma, señala que: “…las sociedades mercantiles creadas son sucesoras sin solución de continuidad de las asociaciones o fundaciones sin fines de lucro que corresponda y pueden continuar su actividad económica cumpliendo con el principio constitucional de libertad empresarial”.
Sin embargo, posteriormente el artículo 4 y 5 manda a cancelar las personalidades jurídicas existentes o su registro, según corresponda, e indica que “las nuevas sociedades mercantiles deben registrarse ante las instituciones correspondientes de conformidad con la ley de la materia”. Por último, el artículo 6 autoriza la transmisión del patrimonio a las sociedades mercantiles receptoras. Bajo el ordenamiento jurídico nicaragüense actual, que no había acogido la figura de transformación, este tratamiento establecido en ley tuvo una serie de implicancias al momento de querer ejecutarlas en la práctica, pues el cambio de régimen no podría enmarcarse en un trámite ordinario.
De esta forma, las OSFL que anteriormente se encontraban bajo el control y supervisión del Ministerio de Gobernación a través del Departamento de Registro y Control de las OSFL, son disueltas en virtud de la...
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