Ordenanza N° 561/MM : Airbnb, pandemia y facultades del propietario
Published date | 06 May 2021 |
Author | Renzo López |
Law Firm | Rubio Leguía Normand |
La Municipalidad Distrital de Miraflores (en adelante, la “MDM”) emitió la Ordenanza N° 561/MM (en adelante, la “Ordenanza”), publicada el pasado 22 de enero. Esta norma modifica, de manera muy concreta, la Ordenanza N° 342/MM que aprobó los Parámetros Urbanísticos y Edificatorios, y las condiciones generales de edificación en el distrito de Miraflores. Entre las modificaciones señaladas, resalta la correspondiente al numeral 2 del literal e) del artículo 14, la cual mostramos a continuación:
Texto Anterior: | Texto Actual: | |
Los edificios de vivienda multifamiliar ubicados en zonas residenciales, sólo podrán ser usados para ese fin; quedando expresamente prohibido el uso de estos inmuebles como residencia temporal o rotativa. | En los edificios de vivienda multifamiliar ubicados en zonificación residencial, sólo podrán ser utilizados para este fin, no permitiéndose el uso de estos inmuebles como residencia rotativa, alquiler vacacional o alojamiento. | |
Más allá de los términos utilizados, respecto al significado de “residencia temporal o rotativa”, en este artículo queremos referirnos a lo concerniente a los conceptos de “alquiler vacacional o alojamiento”, que son una referencia indirecta a la plataforma Airbnb.
¿Qué es Airbnb?
Airbnb es una plataforma virtual mediante la cual se presta un servicio de intermediación[1] para que las personas que buscan hospedarse en un establecimiento y aquellas que ofrecen sus inmuebles como alojamiento, puedan satisfacer sus intereses, generándose una Reservación de Alojamiento que permite al Huésped ingresar, ocupar y utilizar el Alojamiento, de manera limitada. Por este servicio de intermediación Airbnb comisiona un porcentaje del valor del servicio que el Anfitrión le presta al Huésped[2].
Esta plataforma se ha posicionado como una nueva alternativa frente a la hotelería convencional. Prueba de ello es el número de propiedades listadas en Airbnb en Lima, que pasó de 2,139 en agosto de 2016 a 14,665 en septiembre de 2018, de estas, el 45% se encuentran en Miraflores.[3] Cabe precisar que, del número de propiedades verificadas en el 2018, el 65% se encontraba activa, y, solo el 30% del total generaron ingresos.
Habiendo identificado la relevancia de este fenómeno, desde nuestra posición es necesario plantearnos la siguiente pregunta: ¿Qué tipo de contratación se celebra entre el Anfitrión y el Huésped? Se configura un contrato de hospedaje, que se encuentra regulado por el Reglamento aprobado por el Decreto Supremo 001-2015-MINCETUR modificado mediante Decreto Supremo N° 005-2021-MINCETUR, publicado en el Diario El Peruano el día 18 de abril de 2021 y mediante el cual el hospedante se obliga a prestar al huésped albergue y, adicionalmente (pero no necesariamente), alimentación y otros servicios[4]. En ese sentido, en el 2019, Isabel Mendoza Navarro (actual Directora General de Políticas de Desarrollo Turístico del Viceministerio de Turismo del Ministerio de Comercio Exterior y Turismo), declaró que la regulación de plataformas online o apps como Airbnb, es parte de la...
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