Plazo máximo para contratos de locación
Published date | 11 March 2008 |
Date | 11 March 2008 |
Author | Gonzalo J. Fontana |
Law Firm | Marval O'Farrell Mairal |
El 21 de noviembre de 2007, el juez a cargo del Juzgado Nacional de Primera Instancia en lo Civil N° 90 de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires resolvió autorizar a Wal-Mart Argentina S.R.L. a suscribir un contrato de locación por el plazo de 30 años, declarando así la inaplicabilidad del artículo 1.505 del Código Civil y leyes complementarias.
En dicho proceso, se presentaron dos empresas de similar envergadura económica, por un lado, Panamerican Mall S.A. la “Locadora ”) y por el otro, Wal-Mart Argentina S.R.L. la “Locataria ”). Ambas partes solicitaron, mediante la interposición de una acción meramente declarativa (artículo 322 del Código Procesal Civil y Comercial), que el juzgado interviniente declarase la inaplicabilidad del artículo 1.505 del Código Civil respecto del contrato de locación celebrado entre ellos y se convalide el plazo de duración de 30 años allí pactado, planteando en forma subsidiaria la inconstitucionalidad de dicho artículo.
El juez interviniente señaló que, del contrato acompañado, se podía inferir que las características del hipermercado que la Locataria instalaría en el centro comercial que construiría la Locadora, demandaría una inversión muy importante y la construcción de una obra a medida, con especificaciones técnicas rigurosas.
En consecuencia, haciendo suyos los argumentos del fallo “Segura”[1] (caso de características similares en el que se aprobó la celebración de un contrato de locación por el plazo de 30 años), el juez sostuvo que: “El predio que se da en locación es parte de un inmueble mucho mayor, destinado por su propietario al desarrollo de un centro comercial de gran envergadura –esto por parte del locador- y en cuanto al locatario, el desembolso económico a realizar es de gran importancia, tendiente a desarrollarse en el tiempo, siendo la continuidad de la locación un factor importante a considerar en la inversión. La función económica del contrato exorbita lo previsto por el legislador para la locación de cosas. Es vital para los contratantes contar con certeza jurídica en cuanto al plazo de la locación debido a la envergadura del negocio que se pretende encarar”.
Luego, el juez hizo alusión a los motivos dados por el codificador al fijar un plazo...
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