Plazo de prescripción aplicable a las acciones de la Ley de Seguros
Author | Matías Agustín Acrogliano,Elías F. Bestani |
Published date | 15 February 2017 |
Date | 15 February 2017 |
Law Firm | Marval O'Farrell Mairal |
Desde la sanción de la Ley de Defensa del Consumidor 24.240 en el año 1993, la aplicación del instituto de la prescripción a las acciones derivadas del contrato de seguro ha suscitado diversas controversias. El punto central de estas discusiones fue la determinación de cuál era el plazo de prescripción que debía aplicarse a estas acciones.
Mientras, por un lado, el artículo 58 de la Ley de Seguros 17.418 establece que “las acciones fundadas en el contrato de seguro prescriben en el plazo de un año, computado desde que la correspondiente obligación es exigible”, el artículo 50 de la Ley de Defensa del Consumidor, en la redacción que le imprimió la reforma introducida en el año 2008 por la Ley 26.361, establecía que “Las acciones judiciales, las administrativas y las sanciones emergentes de la presente ley prescribirán en el término de tres (3) años. Cuando por otras leyes generales o especiales se fijen plazos de prescripción distintos del establecido precedentemente se estará al más favorable al consumidor o usuario. La prescripción se interrumpirá por la comisión de nuevas infracciones o por el inicio de las actuaciones administrativas o judiciales”.
De esta manera, mientras un sector de la doctrina y parte de la jurisprudencia sostenían la aplicación del plazo de prescripción trienal a las acciones derivadas de los contratos de seguros que puedan ser calificados como de consumo, otra gran parte mantenía que la especialidad de la Ley de Seguros por sobre la Ley de Defensa del Consumidor imponía la necesidad de la aplicación del plazo anual establecido por el artículo 58 de esta última ley.
La Ley 26.994, sancionada el 1 de octubre de 2014, modificó el texto del artículo 50 de la Ley de Defensa del Consumidor, que quedó redactado de esta manera: “Las sanciones emergentes de la presente ley prescriben en el término de tres (3) años. La prescripción se interrumpe por la comisión de nuevas infracciones o por el inicio de las actuaciones administrativas”. De esta forma, parecía claro, entonces, que el plazo de prescripción...
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