Preguntas frecuentes de Derecho Laboral ante COVID-19 en Centroamérica
Published date | 19 May 2020 |
Law Firm | Consortium Legal |
En Guatemala, los patronos pueden suspender los contratos de trabajo de su personal, siempre que la actividad económica del patrono no se encuentre comprendida dentro de los casos de excepción establecidos en las disposiciones gubernamentales ante el COVID-19.
En el caso de El Salvador, para las actividades que pueden operar, es posible proceder con una suspensión de mutuo acuerdo de conformidad al Art. 37 inciso 1° C.T., el cual debe constar por escrito. Para actividades no autorizadas a operar, se procede a una suspensión por Fuerza Mayor de conformidad al Art. 36 ord. 1° del Código de Trabajo.
En el caso de Nicaragua, el empleador puede suspender contratos laborales de manera individual mediante un acuerdo con el trabajador de conformidad al Art. 37 inciso g del Código del Trabajo. El empleador puede iniciar un procedimiento administrativo frente al Ministerio del Trabajo para obtener autorización de una suspensión colectiva de contratos de trabajo.
Finalmente, en el caso de Costa Rica, la solicitud de suspensión temporal de contratos se debe presentar, de conformidad con el Art. 75 del Código de Trabajo y fundamentada en hechos que obedezcan a las medidas de emergencia que dicte el Poder Ejecutivo, para los supuestos regulados en los incisos a) y b) del Art. 74 del Código de Trabajo. La Suspensión se puede establecer por un periodo de 3 meses, prorrogables hasta 2 periodos más, si las condiciones y declaratoria de emergencia persisten.
Guatemala
- Solicitar la autorización al Ministerio de Trabajo y Previsión Social. Presentar solicitud electrónica (https://www.mintrabajo.gob.gt/index.php/igt/solicitud-de-suspension-de-contratos-de-trabajo)
- Recibida la autorización, se debe notificar a los trabajadores por escrito. Si la suspensión no supera el 50% de los trabajadores, se debe llegar a un acuerdo con estos para suspender la relación de trabajo.
- Firmado el acuerdo, se presenta aviso al Ministerio de Trabajo en forma electrónica.
- Para que los trabajadores puedan optar al fondo de ayuda al empleo, previamente el patrono deberá cumplir con dar el aviso u obtener autorización del Ministerio de Trabajo y además deberá ser el patrono el que presente solicitud ante el Ministerio de Economía.
El Salvador
- Suspensión por Fuerza Mayor, se procede de forma automática demostrando al llegar una inspección de trabajo, que se configuraron los requisitos de la misma por imposibilidad de funcionar.
- Suspensión por Mutuo Acuerdo, se requiere firmar documento escrito entre patrono y trabajador y mostrarlo si llegará una inspección.
Honduras
- Notificar a cada empleado la suspensión. Esta puede ser por un término máximo de 120 días.
- Presentar solicitud de autorización de suspensión de contratos de trabajo ante la Secretaria de Trabajo dentro de los siguientes 3 días siguientes a la notificación de los empleados.
- Si la empresa desea acoger sus empleados a los beneficios de la Ley de Auxilio deberá notificar a la Secretaria de Trabajo a fin de obtener la constancia de inscripción y solicitar el pago de L. 6,000.00 mensuales por un período máximo de tres meses al régimen de aportaciones privadas, si los empleados suspendidos cotizan al referido instituto.
Nicaragua
- Acuerdo escrito entre empleador y trabajador firmado por ambas partes.
- La suspensión colectiva de contratos de trabajo debe ser aprobado por el Ministerio de Trabajo y debe someterse a procedimiento administrativo oral en el cual los trabajadores pueden ser representados por un abogado o un miembro de la Comisión Mixta de Higiene y Seguridad.
Costa Rica
- El trámite de solicitud de autorización debe presentarse ante la Dirección Nacional de Inspección del Ministerio de Trabajo y Seguridad Social. Puede presentarse antes de ejecutarse la suspensión de los contratos y el aviso a los trabajadores, o, bien, dentro de los tres días hábiles...
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