Prórroga excepcional de renovación de los Certificados ITSE en el contexto del Estado de Emergencia Nacional por la pandemia del COVID-19
Published date | 28 April 2022 |
Author | Carla Navarro |
Law Firm | Rubio Leguía Normand |
- Introducción
El Certificado de Inspección Técnica de Seguridad en Edificaciones (“Certificado ITSE”) es el documento en el cual consta que el establecimiento objeto de inspección (“Establecimiento”) cumple con las condiciones de seguridad, esto es, que se tienen controlados los riesgos vinculados a la actividad que se desarrolla en este, para lo cual se cuenta con los medios y protocolos correspondientes.[1]
El presente artículo pretende analizar las últimas disposiciones en materia de Certificados ITSE, atendiendo al contexto actual de la pandemia por el COVID-19, y su concordancia o no con las actuaciones de las autoridades involucradas en los procesos de su aplicación, a fin de plantear estrategias de acción considerando los derechos de los agentes económicos que operan en los Establecimientos.
- Alcances teóricos y prácticos de la prórroga excepcional de renovación de los Certificados ITSE
Con fecha 10 de mayo de 2020, se publicó el D. Leg. N° 1497: “Decreto Legislativo que establece medidas para promover y facilitar condiciones regulatorias que contribuyan a reducir el impacto en la economía peruana por la emergencia sanitaria producida por el COVID- 19” (“D. Leg. N° 1497”), el cual se mantiene vigente a la fecha. Dentro de sus Disposiciones Complementarias Transitorias, se encuentra la siguiente (“DCT”):
“Tercera.- Prórroga de la renovación del certificado ITSE
Otórgase una prórroga de un (1) año más contado desde la expedición del nuevo Certificado ITSE, a los establecimientos cuyos certificados de inspección técnica de seguridad en edificaciones hubieran vencido en el marco del Decreto Supremo que declara Estado de Emergencia Nacional por las graves circunstancias que afectan la vida de la Nación a consecuencia del brote del COVID-19 aprobado por el Decreto Supremo Nº 044-2020-PCM, comprendiendo también sus prórrogas. (…)”
Se aprecia que el Gobierno estableció una prórroga a la renovación de aquellos Certificados ITSE que vencieran en el marco del Estado de Emergencia Nacional por la pandemia del COVID-19 (“EEN”), declarado mediante D.S. N° 044-2020-PCM y sus prórrogas. Además, la DCT señala que: (i) los Certificados ITSE deberán ser nuevos, esto es, no aquellos renovados con anterioridad a la declaratoria de EEN; y (ii) los administrados deberán mantener las condiciones de seguridad en sus Establecimientos.
No obstante, en la práctica, se han venido generando distintas actuaciones a nivel de los Gobiernos Locales, debido a interpretaciones diversas de la norma en cuestión, algunas de las cuales son analizadas en las siguientes líneas.
2.1. La vigencia del EEN y los Decretos Supremos que lo declaran y prorrogan
Algunas municipalidades argumentan que, al hacer mención la DCT al D.S N° 044-2020-PCM y sus prórrogas, entonces dicha DCT solo resulta aplicable a aquellos Certificados ITSE vencidos durante la vigencia del EEN, que estuviera comprendida dentro de la vigencia de dicho D.S N° 044-2020-PCM y sus prórrogas. Ello, porque estas últimas normas fueron derogadas mediante D.S. N° 184-2020-PCM de fecha 30 de noviembre de 2020.
Por tanto, aquellos Certificados ITSE vencidos a partir del 01 de diciembre de 2020 no son prorrogados en mérito a la DCT, sino que deben ser sujetos a los procedimientos de renovación regular, conforme a la normatividad vigente. Y de no hacerlo, entonces se incurre en infracciones administrativas que devendrían en la imposición de sanciones administrativas y/o clausuras de los Establecimientos.
Al respecto, cabe señalar que el D.S. N° 184-2020-PCM, si bien derogó el D.S N° 044-2020-PCM y sus prórrogas, mantuvo vigente el EEN al declararlo nuevamente. De este modo, se ha continuado con la vigencia del EEN[2], hasta el último D.S. N° 041-2022-PCM que lo prorroga hasta el 31 de mayo de 2022.
Por lo anterior, una adecuada interpretación de la DCT es que esta resulta aplicable a aquellos Certificados ITSE vencidos durante la vigencia del EEN, el cual comprende todas sus prórrogas, sin perjuicio del Decreto Supremo que las prorrogue.
En similar sentido ha sido interpretado por el Ministerio de Vivienda, Construcción y Saneamiento (“MVCS”), mediante Carta N° 011-2022-VIVIENDA/VMCS-DGPRCS-DC de fecha 04 de febrero de 2022, en respuesta a una consulta ciudadana referente a la prórroga del Certificado ITSE en el marco del D.L. N° 1497 (“Carta”):
“El Estado de Emergencia Nacional, declarado inicialmente por el Decreto Supremo Nº 044-2020-PCM3 y derogado a través del Decreto Supremo Nº 184-2020-PCM, el cual, a su vez, continua con la declaratoria del Estado de Emergencia Nacional por las graves circunstancias que afectan la vida de las personas a consecuencia de la COVID-19 y establece las medidas que debe seguir la ciudadanía en la nueva convivencia social.
Este último dispositivo normativo ha sido continuamente prorrogado por los Decretos Supremos Nº 201-2020-PCM, Nº 008-2021-PCM, Nº 036-2021-PCM, Nº 058-2021-PCM, Nº 076-2021-PCM, Nº 105-2021-PCM, Nº 123-2021-PCM, Nº 131-2021-PCM, Nº 149-2021-PCM, Nº 152-2021-PCM, N° 167-2021-PCM, N°174-2021-PCM, N° 186-2021-PCM, y N° 010-2022-PCM por el plazo de veintiocho (28) días calendario, a partir del martes 1 de febrero de 2022.” (subrayado agregado).
De este modo, mediante la Carta, la...
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