Protección de infraestructura crítica: el informe de la Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional que detalla la experiencia internacional
Published date | 30 December 2019 |
Author | Andres Pumarino |
El pasado 26 de noviembre, el Presidente de la República, Sebastián Piñera, presentó un proyecto para permitir el uso de las Fuerzas Armadas para la protección de la llamada “infraestructura crítica”, con el fin de resguardar ciertos puntos estratégicos ante la violencia en las calles.
La propuesta, define la infraestructura crítica (IC) como aquella cuya perturbación en su funcionamiento o destrucción tendría “un grave impacto sobre los servicios de utilidad pública de la población, o para el eficaz funcionamiento de los órganos y la Administración del Estado”.
De acuerdo al texto legal propuesto por el Ejecutivo, se entendería como infraestructura crítica la correspondiente a energía, redes y sistemas de telecomunicaciones, servicios sanitarios, hospitales, centros de abastecimiento, puertos y aeropuertos. Asimismo, la protección también considera “los bienes inmuebles, equipos y sistemas que sean necesarios para el funcionamiento de la infraestructura crítica”.
Para justamente abordar el tema, la Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional (BCN) elaboró un informe titulado:”Protección de infraestructura crítica y fuerzas armadas, conceptualización y experiencia comparada”, en el cual analizaron la normativa internacional -concentrando el análisis en tres casos Ecuador, España y Uruguay- y bibliografía especializada.
De acuerdo al análisis, existe un amplio espectro de definiciones respecto de lo que se entiende por infraestructura crítica. La Comisión Europea, por ejemplo, en 2004 definió la infraestructura crítica como aquellas instalaciones, redes, servicios y equipos físicos y de tecnología de la información “cuya interrupción o destrucción tendría un impacto mayor en la salud, la seguridad o el bienestar económico de los ciudadanos o en el eficaz funcionamiento de los gobiernos de los Estados miembros”.
Dicha definición señalaba, además, que las infraestructuras críticas se extienden a través de muchos sectores de la economía, “incluyendo la banca y finanzas, el transporte y la distribución, la energía, los servicios públicos, la salud, el suministro de alimentos y las comunicaciones, así como servicios gubernamentales clave”.
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