La protección a la maternidad en el marco de la legislación internacional del fútbol
Published date | 06 January 2023 |
Author | Joe Bonilla Gálvez |
En los últimos años hemos visto el fenómeno creciente del deporte femenino, especialmente el fútbol, no solo en la magnitud de las competencias y el espectáculo, sino desde el punto de vista de industria en crecimiento, llegando a ser identificada como una economía emergente.
Paralelamente, la FIFA complementó su reglamentación internacional, adicionando nuevas disposiciones relacionadas con la protección de los derechos derivados de la maternidad de las jugadoras profesionales de fútbol, toda vez que, si bien el profesionalismo en el fútbol femenino ha crecido exponencialmente en la última década, las normas que lo regulan no se habían adaptado para considerar las cuestiones laborales específicas de las jugadoras, sobre todo, durante la maternidad. En este sentido, la FIFA introdujo un paquete de enmiendas encaminado a proteger el derecho al trabajo de las jugadoras embarazadas y madres y a proporcionarles un entorno laboral seguro e inclusivo.
Dichas disposiciones se pueden considerar como una reivindicación de los derechos de la mujer, que, dicho sea de paso, ya estaban incluidos en la legislación nacional, siendo un claro ejemplo del reconocimiento al profesionalismo que merece la labor que realizan e impulsando el fútbol femenino. Además, es claro y significativo el avance en materia de generación de espacios de diálogo y acción en cuanto a temas tan importantes como la maternidad a través del embarazo en las jugadoras de fútbol profesional.
No obstante, el mundo del fútbol no tiene como únicos actores a las jugadoras, sino que existen múltiples agentes involucrados en este deporte que también deberían ser objeto de esta protección y, aunque hemos evidenciado situaciones en las que el Tribunal Arbitral del Deporte ha extendido la protección a la maternidad a mujeres no futbolistas que están vinculadas a la industria deportiva, consideramos que sigue existiendo desprotección en muchos contextos, entre ellos, el cuerpo técnico y el arbitraje.
Por ello, vale la pena preguntarse, ¿por qué esta protección solo está siendo regulada para una profesión...
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