Proyecto de Código Civil y Comercial de la Nación: obligaciones en moneda extranjera
Published date | 26 December 2012 |
Date | 26 December 2012 |
Law Firm | Marval O'Farrell Mairal |
Como fue mencionado en Marval News # 118, el Poder Ejecutivo Nacional envió al Congreso de la Nación el proyecto de Código Civil y Comercial de la Nación (el “Proyecto”), el cual incluye disposiciones sobre obligaciones en moneda extranjera.
En julio se creó la Comisión Bicameral para la Reforma, Actualización y Unificación de los Códigos Civil y Comercial de la Nación (la “Comisión Bicameral”), con la finalidad de preservar la integridad y coherencia en el dictado de un único Código Civil y Comercial. La Comisión Bicameral contaba inicialmente con noventa días desde su conformación para emitir el despacho previo al tratamiento legislativo del Proyecto. Sin embargo, este plazo para dictaminar tuvo que ser prorrogado y la Comisión Bicameral continuará estudiando el Proyecto el año próximo.
Los textos propuestos por el Proyecto en relación con el tratamiento de las obligaciones en moneda extranjera, en su actual redacción, generan algunas incógnitas interpretativas.
Recordemos que el artículo 765 del Proyecto dice lo siguiente: “La obligación es de dar dinero si el deudor debe cierta cantidad de moneda, determinada o determinable, al momento de constitución de la obligación. Si por el acto por el que se ha constituido la obligación, se estipuló dar moneda que no sea de curso legal en la República, la obligación debe considerarse como de dar cantidades de cosas y el deudor puede liberarse dando el equivalente en moneda de curso legal.” Así, considera que las obligaciones en moneda extranjera son obligaciones de dar cantidades de cosas, permitiendo que el deudor se libere dando el equivalente en moneda de curso legal.
A su vez, el artículo 766 del Proyecto, dentro del mismo parágrafo referido a las obligaciones de dar dinero, continúa diciendo que “[e]l” deudor debe entregar la cantidad correspondiente de la especie designada”, generando cierta contradicción aparente entre ambos textos.
Asimismo, el artículo 765 del Proyecto, analizado junto con otras normas del Proyecto, plantea otros cuestionamientos. No está claro si será considerada sólo como una norma de derecho privado que, entendida con carácter dispositivo, supliría la voluntad de las partes en materia contractual. En este sentido, el artículo 962 del Proyecto en relación con el carácter de las normas...
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