Proyecto de ley sobre Responsabilidad del Estado
Date | 02 December 2013 |
Published date | 02 December 2013 |
Law Firm | Marval O'Farrell Mairal |
El Proyecto, con las modificaciones introducidas por la Cámara de Diputados, será enviado a la Cámara de Senadores.
El Proyecto sigue muchos de los criterios sentados por la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación (“CSJN”) en materia de responsabilidad extracontractual del Estado.
Por ejemplo, el Proyecto establece la responsabilidad objetiva y directa, consagra el concepto de “falta de servicio” para la responsabilidad por actividad ilegítima, y la noción de “sacrificio especial” para la responsabilidad por actividad legítima.
Sin embargo, por otro lado, el Proyecto se aparta de algunas pautas consolidadas en la jurisprudencia de la CSJN y omite regular sobre ciertas materias.
1. Antecedentes
Tradicionalmente, la responsabilidad del Estado ha estado regida por disposiciones del Código Civil.
En junio de 2012 el PEN remitió al Congreso un proyecto de nuevo Código Civil y Comercial de la Nación. Este proyecto dispuso que la responsabilidad del Estado no estaría regida por el nuevo código (como parte del derecho común), sino por el derecho administrativo (es decir, por las leyes especiales sancionadas por el Estado Nacional —aplicables a éste— y por las respectivas jurisdicciones locales —aplicables a las subdivisiones políticas locales—).
Pese a las críticas que ha recibido esa propuesta, y con el declarado objeto de sancionar normas específicas sobre responsabilidad del Estado, el Proyecto fue elevado al Congreso. En línea con el proyecto de Código Civil y Comercial de la Nación, el Proyecto establece que la responsabilidad del Estado no se rige directa ni subsidiariamente por ese código, toda vez que constituye una cuestión de derecho público, cuya regulación corresponde a la Nación y a cada una de las provincias, en sus respectivas jurisdicciones.
El Proyecto invita a las Provincias y a la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires a adherir a sus disposiciones, a los fines de lograr una legislación uniforme en esta materia.
2. Principales disposiciones
Entre otras cuestiones, el...
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