Regional: Retos y oportunidades del gas licuado para la generación de electricidad en la región centroamericana.
Published date | 18 April 2023 |
Author | María Alejandra TulipanoGustavo Vega |
Law Firm | Consortium Legal |
Las estrategias energéticas regionales y objetivos de desarrollo sostenible en los países de la región centroamericana tienen como prioridad la diversificación de sus matrices de energía. En este contexto, las alternativas para la diversificación incluyen la participación de las energías renovables, como la solar, eólica y geotérmica; así como también la integración de plantas de generación en base a energías tradicionales provenientes de los hidrocarburos, entre las que se encuentran tecnologías de alta eficiencia como las turbinas a gas. Por su eficiencia, su confiabilidad en el suministro y el precio, el gas natural se constituye como una opción muy efectiva para diversificar la matriz energética de la región.
Existen diversas razones para considerar la introducción del gas como alternativa para la generación de electricidad en Centroamérica:
- La abundancia de reservas distribuidas en distintos países del mundo;
- La experiencia internacional exitosa al incluir el gas como una opción energética para aplicaciones del sector residencial, comercial, industrial, transporte y generación;
- La rápida integración en la matriz energética de los países a precios competitivos.
Alternativas para introducir gas natural en Centroamérica
Diversos estudios y estrategias de desarrollo, entre ellos algunas de las propuestas del BID, analizan la conveniencia de introducir gas natural en Centroamérica. Las estrategias evaluadas tienen un enfoque de concentración de la demanda para el desarrollo del mercado en Centroamérica, tales como, pero no limitadas a:
- Proyectos independientes: Consiste en el desarrollo del mercado del gas de forma independiente en cada uno de los países de la región.
- Integración regional: Contempla la coordinación regional para la comercialización de electricidad o gas entre los países.
- Integración con México: De forma similar a la alternativa anterior, se basa en la integración regional para la compra y distribución de gas o electricidad entre los países.
Para lograr la integración del mercado centroamericano en materia de gas licuado es necesario homologar los marcos normativos nacionales y elaborar un marco común para toda la región. Si bien países como Honduras y Guatemala cuentan con normativas de base, es preciso nivelar el marco normativo de todos los países y definir las entidades que ejercerán las funciones de regulación y fiscalización del mercado. El marco regional se...
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