Rellenos sanitarios: un reto vigente para la justicia ambiental
Published date | 15 May 2023 |
Author | Lucas Arcila Hoyos |
De las distintas actividades que componen el servicio público de aseo, probablemente la más crítica, desde un punto de vista ambiental, es la actividad complementaria de disposición final, realizada principalmente en rellenos sanitarios. En Colombia, muchos de los rellenos están cerca de agotar su vida útil, otros han sido objeto de controversias por graves casos de contaminación y, en la actualidad, aún existen municipios que disponen sus residuos en sitios no autorizados, tales como botaderos a cielo abierto.
El presidente Petro ha expresado que la justicia ambiental es uno de los pilares de su gobierno; para que esta afirmación no sea sólo retórica, deberá enfocar esfuerzos, recursos y proyectos para el fortalecimiento y modernización de la gestión de residuos en el territorio nacional.
Los rellenos tienen una capacidad de almacenamiento limitada, llegando al final de su vida útil cuando el cúmulo de basuras desborda su capacidad. Según datos de la Superservicios (2021), el 23,28% de los sitios autorizados en el país, incluyendo rellenos sanitarios y celdas de contingencia, cuentan con una vida útil menor a 3 años, mientras que varios ya agotaron su capacidad, situación que implica enormes riesgos ambientales y sanitarios. En el caso de Bogotá, el relleno Doña Juana recibe cerca de 6.500 toneladas de residuos diarios y 2.5 millones al año, provenientes de la capital y de municipios aledaños. Según estudios de la UAESP, la vida útil del relleno está llegando a su fin.
Por otra parte, varios rellenos han sido objeto de denuncias por parte de las comunidades, por afectaciones a la salud y a los recursos naturales. Un caso relevante es el relleno Loma Grande, ubicado en la ciudad de Montería y operado por Urbaser S.A. E.S.P., frente al cual se han presentado denuncias relacionadas con el vertimiento de lixiviados y se han iniciado procesos sancionatorios, una acción popular e incluso un proceso penal. En abril de 2022, el Tribunal Administrativo de Córdoba decretó una medida cautelar...
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