Revés de la institucionalidad ambiental
Published date | 15 December 2022 |
Law Firm | Barros Silva Varela & Vigil |
Señor Director:
El fallo de la Corte Suprema que revierte lo decidido por la Superintendencia de Medio Ambiente (SMA) de absolver al Proyecto Punta Puertecillo de la infracción de elusión al Sistema de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental (SEIA), constituye un duro golpe a la certeza jurídica en el país.
La Corte se arroga facultades y derechos que, aun a pretexto de circunstancias extraordinarias, le están vedadas por la Constitución y las leyes, al establecer por sí y ante sí la posibilidad de imponer sanciones, facultad exclusiva de la propia SMA. De esta forma, vulnerando la garantía del debido proceso, la Corte Suprema impone al particular una multa de 5.001 Unidades Tributarias Anuales.
Hace pocos meses, mayo del año en curso, la misma Corte acogió un recurso interpuesto contra un fallo del Segundo Tribunal Ambiental, al considerar que la sentencia del tribunal establecía el contenido de la sanción, vulnerando así la potestad discrecional que a estos efectos tiene la SMA. Si determinar el contenido de la sanción vulnera dicha potestad, más aún lo hará, como aquí, suplantar por completo esa facultad.
Adicionalmente, la Corte Suprema establece que la causal de ingreso al SEIA eludida en este caso corresponde a la letra g) del artículo 10 de la Ley sobre Bases Generales del Medio Ambiente. Esto es un error, pues el fallo desconoce que son justamente las excepciones del inciso 3° del artículo 55 de la Ley General de Urbanismo y Construcciones (LGUC) la fuente normativa por la cual se estableció dicha causal de ingreso SEIA. El problema surge de que dichas excepciones de la LGUC no son aplicables en ningún caso al Proyecto Punta Puertecillo.
El artículo 55 establece la prohibición general de abrir calles, subdividir para formar poblaciones y levantar construcciones fuera de los límites urbanos, salvo las excepciones del inciso 1°, 3° y 4°, para lo cual se requiere de las autorizaciones especiales que ahí se señalan.
Pues bien, los proyectos de desarrollo urbano ubicados fuera de los planes reguladores...
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