El Salvador: Bonos Verdes: Un camino viable a la Sostenibilidad
Published date | 22 April 2022 |
Author | María Alejandra Tulipano Gustavo Vega |
Law Firm | Consortium Legal |
A 12 años de que el Banco Mundial emitió el primer Bono Verde en el mundo, y con ello, creó una nueva forma de conectar el financiamiento de los inversionistas con proyectos climáticos, se hizo de los Bonos Verdes un modelo viable para fomentar la sostenibilidad en los mercados de capital.
Entendemos por Bonos Verdes un acuerdo en el cual los emisores toman en préstamo fondos de inversionistas y deben reembolsar dichos fondos a una tasa convenida al cabo de un plazo especificado, siempre y cuando estos fondos sean utilizados en la ejecución de proyectos verdes o sostenibles, alineados a 4 principios básicos: uso de los ingresos; proceso de evaluación selección de proyectos; gestión de los ingresos; e informes (IMCA,2018). Tanto Gobiernos, empresas y otras entidades emiten bonos para obtener financiamiento para proyectos.
Los bonos verdes generalmente se utilizan para financiar operaciones o activos vinculados con: energías renovables, eficiencia energética, gestión sostenible de residuos, conservación de la biodiversidad terrestre y acuática, gestión sostenible del agua y de las aguas residuales, productos adaptados a la economía ecológica y/o circular, tecnologías y procesos de producción; y adaptación al cambio climático.
En los últimos 5 años la emisión de Bonos Verdes ha crecido de forma significativa, gracias al mayor grado de conciencia y confesó que se ha generado entre los países, entorno a los múltiples problemas a raíz del cambio climático y las repercusiones financieras ligadas a él.
Tipos de Bonos Verdes más utilizados
- Bono de Obligación General (Go Bonds)
- Bono Corporativo
- Bono Proyecto
- Bono Garantizado (Covered Bond)
- Bono Sukuk o Islámico
- Bono supranacional, cuasi-soberano y de agencia (SSA)
- Bono Municipal
- Bono Soberano
Verificación de Condición de Bonos Verdes: Evaluadores Externos
Estándares Internacionales aplicados para ser considerado un bono verde:
Utilización de los fondos
Proceso de evaluación y selección de proyectos
Gestión de los fondos
Informe
Estándares de Bonos Climáticos
Requisitos previos a la emisión
Requisitos posteriores a la emisión
Verificación y Reporte del Impacto
Con el objetivo de garantizar el correcto uso de los recursos en una emisión verde, es común que se solicite la participación de terceros, quienes verifican el prospecto de una emisión y decretan si contiene los elementos necesarios para considerar la emisión como verde.
Verificadores...
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