El Salvador: El derecho al trabajo de las personas con discapacidad.
Published date | 15 May 2023 |
Author | Carlos Rodriguez |
Law Firm | Consortium Legal |
El Salvador ratificó el Convenio 111 de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) en el año 1995, el cual en su Art 5, establece que las medidas especiales de protección de personas vulnerables, entre los que se incluyen personas con discapacidad, no son discriminatorias; por lo que ha promulgado una diversa legislación que tiende aplicar esas medidas favorables para las personas con discapacidad.
En el año 2000, se promulgó la Ley de Equiparación de Oportunidades para Personas con Discapacidad, la cual ya establecía diversos aspectos de protección, entre ellos la exigencia a los empleadores de contratar una persona con discapacidad por cada 20 trabajadores que laboraran en su empresa.
En materia de accesibilidad arquitectónica de las personas con discapacidad, la Ley General de Prevención de Riesgos en los Lugares de Trabajo y la Normativa Técnica de Accesibilidad, Urbanística, Arquitectónica, Transporte y Comunicaciones, las cuales continúan vigentes desde 2010, establecen que todos los lugares de trabajo y en particular las vías de circulación, puertas, escaleras, servicios sanitarios y puestos de trabajo, deben estar acondicionados para personas con discapacidad; y, en el mismo sentido exigen a los empleadores garantizar, de manera específica, la protección de los trabajadores y trabajadoras que por sus características personales o estado biológico conocido, incluidas personas con discapacidad, sean especialmente sensibles a riesgos del trabajo, lo cual se deberá reflejar en los planes de emergencia, matrices de control de riesgos, capacitaciones y en todas las acciones de seguridad y salud ocupacional que se ejecuten.
En el año 2020, se promulgó la Ley Especial de Inclusión de Personas con Discapacidad, la cual derogó la ley del 2000 y establece que el Estado coadyuvará a garantizar la eliminación de barreras que obstaculicen el pleno desarrollo de las personas con discapacidad, fomentando la implementación del diseño universal tanto en las entidades de carácter privado, como en las municipales y del sector público.
Esta nueva ley establece que todo empleador privado tiene la obligación de contratar como mínimo a una persona con discapacidad por cada 20 trabajadores que tenga a su servicio, por lo que ahora se deberán tener más personas con discapacidad en la empresa que con la normativa anterior. La calidad de discapacitado se prueba con la Certificación de...
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