El Salvador: Firma electrónica
Published date | 02 May 2023 |
Author | Millie Miranda |
Law Firm | Consortium Legal |
Dada la creciente adopción de la tecnología y el creciente uso de instrumentos tecnológicos en el día a día, tanto de personas naturales como empresas, hemos conocido una nueva forma de interactuar en el mundo digital. Dentro de estos instrumentos, encontramos el uso de la firma electrónica, lo cual ha probado ser una herramienta de gran beneficio para las relaciones internacionales en el mundo de los negocios. Sin embargo, este beneficio, a su vez, ha despertado la necesidad de contar con un marco legal que permita la utilización de la firma electrónica como una forma legítima de firmar documentos, tal como si se firmara en papel, y con sus mismos efectos.
Como fruto de esta necesidad, nació la Ley de Firma Electrónica en el El Salvador, aprobada en el año 2015, cuyo fin fue avanzar en la digitalización del país y fortalecer la seguridad jurídica en las transacciones electrónicas llevadas a cabo en el territorio, adaptándose al dinamismo de la globalización y las nuevas tendencias digitales. Desde su aprobación, la ley ha sido objeto de varias actualizaciones y mejoras, siendo la más reciente el Decreto Legislativo No. 100, emitido el 20 de julio de 2021 por medio de la cual se incluyó una regulación del sello electrónico, certificado electrónico, sello de tiempo, servicios de certificación, autenticación de sitios web, entre otros.
La actualización más significativa de la ley se produjo durante el año 2018, con la aprobación del Reglamento de la Ley de Firma Electrónica. Este reglamento estableció los procedimientos para la emisión y uso de certificados digitales, y definió las responsabilidades de los proveedores de servicios de certificación, que son las entidades autorizadas para emitir los certificados digitales, que el caso particular salvadoreño es una responsabilidad principalmente encomendada al Ministerio de Economía.
En 2021, se emitió el Decreto Legislativo No. 100, a través del cual se estableció la obligatoriedad de la firma electrónica para ciertos trámites y documentos en el ámbito público y privado. Entre ellos, se incluyen la constitución de sociedades, la presentación de declaraciones fiscales y la emisión de facturas electrónicas. Esto impulsará aún más la digitalización de la economía salvadoreña y mejorará la eficiencia en los procesos administrativos.
El Decreto Legislativo No. 100 también establece la necesidad de que las entidades públicas y...
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