El Sampling, la Interpolación y los Derechos de Autor
Published date | 26 April 2022 |
Author | Renato Angulo |
Law Firm | Rubio Leguía Normand |
Sumilla
El límite entre el sampling, la interpolación (replay) y el plagio en lo que respecta a producciones musicales ha sido cuestionado recientemente debido a sucesos que se han dado en la industria musical. Hoy en día es común reconocer fragmentos o muestras de canciones en otras producciones musicales, pero ¿cuándo estamos frente a una infracción a los derechos de autor y cuándo estamos ante un uso legal de producciones musicales de otros autores? En el presente artículo, se analizarán estos conceptos y recientes casos para verificar cuándo estamos hablando de un sampling o interpolación legal y cuándo estamos frente a un plagio.
I. Introducción
En el año 2020, se publicó la canción Safaera, interpretada por los cantantes puertorriqueños Bad Bunny, Jowell & Randy y Ñengo Flow. Esta canción se volvió instantáneamente famosa, llegando a permanecer en el Top 10 de canciones en Latinoamérica por varias semanas. Sin embargo, el 14 de mayo de 2020, la canción fue eliminada de Spotify y otras plataformas de streaming; no obstante, al día siguiente la canción fue agregada nuevamente. Posteriormente, en una entrevista Jowell declaró que esta eliminación temporal se debió a una controversia con la cantante estadounidense Missy Elliott, ya que ella reclamó millones de dólares por los derechos de autor de esta canción debido a que se utilizó un riff de guitarra de su canción Get Ur Freak On en la canción interpretada por los cantantes puertorriqueños. Finalmente, se agregó a la cantante estadounidense a los créditos de Safaera y le cedieron un gran porcentaje de las regalías derivadas de esta obra.
Otro caso ocurrió en el año 2021 cuando se publicó la canción Good 4 U, interpretada por la artista estadounidense Olivia Rodrigo. Esta canción logró una recepción bastante positiva en la audiencia, dado que obtuvo nominaciones tales como “Canción de Verano” en los MTV Video Music Awards, “Canción del Año” en los People’s Choice Awards y premios como “Mejor Canción Internacional» en los Brit Awards. Sin duda, esta canción es una de las canciones más exitosas de esta artista; sin embargo, hubo un suceso que dio mucho de qué hablar. Ni bien se publicó esta canción, no faltaron oyentes que se dieron cuenta de ciertas similitudes entre esta canción y la canción Misery Business, publicada en el 2007 e interpretada por la banda Paramore. Luego de un tiempo, se añadió a Hayley Williams y a Josh Farro, quienes pertenecieron a esta banda y son los escritores de la canción Misery Business. No fue la primera vez que Olivia Rodrigo añadía retroactivamente a otros artistas en los créditos de sus canciones puesto que para su canción Deja Vu, terminó añadiendo a Taylor Swift con posterioridad a la publicación de esta canción por un muy similar.
Un caso más...
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