Seguro de vida y plazo para rechazar el siniestro
Date | 28 April 2006 |
Published date | 28 April 2006 |
Law Firm | Marval O'Farrell Mairal |
En la causa “Bizarro Milton Luis c/ Caja de Seguros de Vida s/ ordinario” el actor demandó a La Caja de Seguros de Vida S.A. el cobro del seguro de vida obligatorio y el cobro de un seguro de vida facultativo, en virtud de la incapacidad que padecía. El actor también demandó la reparación del daño moral que le habría originado el incumplimiento de la compañía de seguros. Manifestó que, al denunciar su incapacidad, la aseguradora guardó silencio, lo que -en virtud del artículo 56 de la Ley de Seguros- implicó la aceptación del siniestro.
La compañía de seguros solicitó el rechazo de la demanda. Contra el reclamo fundado en el seguro de vida obligatorio, la compañía argumentó que el actor no había concurrido al examen médico para constatar la incapacidad; y con relación al seguro de vida facultativo, sostuvo que la acción estaba prescripta y negó la procedencia del reclamo y del daño moral.
La sentencia de primera instancia desestimó la prescripción invocada por la aseguradora y rechazó la demanda. Juzgó que el artículo 56 de la Ley de Seguros no es aplicable a este caso y determinó que la falta de un peritaje médico impidió acreditar la incapacidad del actor. La actora apeló la sentencia.
La Sala E de la Cámara Comercial compartió la postura de la Sala C (ver nuestro artículo “Plazo de 30 días para rechazar el siniestro – Seguro de vida en dólares – Normas de emergencia” enMarval News # 27 del 30 de abril de 2004) y admitió la aplicación del artículo 56 de la Ley de Seguros a los seguros de vida.
Esa norma, impone a las aseguradoras la obligación de pronunciarse sobre el derecho de los asegurados dentro de un plazo de 30 días. Si la aseguradora no se expide dentro de ese plazo, se considera que la omisión importa la aceptación tácita del siniestro por parte de la aseguradora. Contrariamente a lo resuelto por la Cámara, parte de la doctrina entiende que, en virtud del artículo 49 de la Ley de Seguros, la presunción del artículo 56 es aplicable a los seguros patrimoniales pero no a los seguros de vida.
La Cámara resolvió que el artículo 56...
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