En tiempos de crisis un mal acreedor es tan dañino como un mal deudor
Jurisdiction | Chile |
Law Firm | Garnham Abogados |
Published date | 06 April 2020 |
Ante el riesgo de falta de liquidez, cada día más latente, gestionar las obligaciones a tiempo y con prudencia es esencial, pues permitirá a la empresa –aun cuando sea la acreedora– prever los efectos de esta crisis, evitando posibles daños a largo plazo, o incluso más, podría salir fortalecida.
Por Simón Zañartu, Socio Garnham Abogados
Aunque duela, en medio de la crisis sanitaria y la recesión económica, los contratos siguen obligando a las partes y deben cumplirse de la misma manera en que fueron pactados.
Por ello, ante el riesgo de falta de liquidez, cada día más latente, gestionar las obligaciones a tiempo y con prudencia es esencial, pues permitirá a la empresa –aun cuando sea la acreedora– prever los efectos de esta crisis, evitando posibles daños a largo plazo, o incluso más, podría salir fortalecida.
La primera medida es hacer un diagnóstico frío de la situación de la empresa a corto, mediano y largo plazo. En este análisis será relevante considerar las medidas paliativas que ha anunciado la autoridad –en materia tributaria, laboral, entre otras– y ciertas entidades financieras.
Se deberá rearmar el flujo de fondos –con miras a reducir o reprogramar gastos o vencimientos–, haciendo partícipe en todo momento no solo a los acreedores, sino también a los deudores. Negociar de manera directa, franca y de buena fe con quienes se tienen relaciones comerciales es clave para salvar con éxito cualquier dificultad comercial, pues ello aportará datos ciertos y realistas que evitarán sorpresas a futuro.
Desde la perspectiva del acreedor, una decisión apresurada contra un deudor bien puede comprometer sus flujos. En algunos casos, cobrar judicialmente una factura, cheque o pagaré a un deudor que se sabe carece de fondos, solicitar la liquidación a quien se sabe no tiene patrimonio o exigir el cumplimiento de un contrato a quien se sabe no puede cumplirlo, no hará más que consolidar la incobrabilidad del crédito, que podría haber sido pagado parcialmente o en forma diferida. Además, aunque en algunos casos la judicialización permite gozar de ciertos beneficios tributarios, éstos normalmente no dan ni para empatar la perdida.
Un número importante de empresas se verá obligado a hacer múltiples esfuerzos para desestresar su flujo. Para ello, deberá aplicar un plan...
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